Somalia Sapphire Diamond Marriage Fashion Necklace Jewellery

Somalia Sapphire Diamond Marriage Fashion Necklace Jewellery   

By Aamir Mannan

Cermax xenon arc lamp with synthetic sapphire output window

Use as substrate for semiconducting circuits[edit]

Main article: silicon on sapphire

Thin sapphire wafers were the first successful use of an insulating substrate upon which to deposit silicon to make the integrated circuits known as silicon on sapphire or "SOS"; now other substrates can also be used for the class of circuits known more generally as silicon on insulator. Besides its excellent electrical insulating properties, sapphire has high thermal conductivity. CMOS chips on sapphire are especially useful for high-power radio-frequency (RF) applications such as those found in cellular telephones, public-safety band radios, and satellite communication systems. "SOS" also allows for the monolithic integration of both digital and analog circuitry all on one IC chip, and the construction of extremely low power circuits.