Holy See Birthstone Opal Diamond Fashion 2015 Gold Wedding Jewellery 100032

 Holy See Birthstone Opal Diamond Fashion 2015 Gold Wedding Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan. 

A close-up view of striations within opal

Besides the gemstone varieties that show a play of color, there are other kinds of common opal such as the milk opal, milky bluish to greenish (which can sometimes be of gemstone quality); resin opal, which is honey-yellow with a resinous luster; wood opal, which is caused by the replacement of the organic material in wood with opal;[9] menilite, which is brown or grey; hyalite, a colorless glass-clear opal sometimes called Muller's Glass; geyserite, also called siliceous sinter, deposited around hot springs or geysers; and diatomite or diatomaceous earth, the accumulations of diatom shells or tests.

Turquoise Birthstone Fashion Stylish Jewellery In Iran 34

Turquoise Birthstone Fashion Stylish Jewellery In Iran.

 By Aamir Mannan 

The use of Prussian blue and other dyes (often in conjunction with bonding treatments) to "enhance"—that is, make uniform or completely change—colour is regarded as fraudulent by some purists, especially since some dyes may fade or rub off on the wearer. Dyes have also been used to darken the veins of turquoise.

Perhaps the most extreme of treatments is "reconstitution", wherein fragments of fine turquoise material, too small to be used individually, are powdered and then bonded with resin to form a solid mass. Very often the material sold as "reconstituted" turquoise is artificial, with little or no natural stone, made entirely from resins and dyes. In the trade "reconstituted" turquoise is often called "block" turquoise or simply "block."

Since finer turquoise is often found as thin seams, it may be glued to a base of stronger foreign material as a means of reinforcement. These stones are termed "backed," and it is standard practice that all thinly cut turquoise in the Southwestern United States is backed. Native indigenous peoples of this region, because of their considerable use and wearing of turquoise, have found that backing increases the durability of thinly cut slabs and cabs of turquoise. They observe that if the stone is not backed it will often crack. Early backing materials included the casings of old model T

Tourmaline Birthstone Bridal Fashion Wedding Gold Jewellery In Zimbabwe 26

  Tourmaline Birthstone Bridal Fashion Wedding  Gold Jewellery In Zimbabwe.

   By Aamir Mannan

Tourmaline is the alternate birthstone for October, along with the opal. The stone was first discovered by Dutch traders off the West Coast of Italy in the late 1600's or early 1700's. The name tourmaline comes from the Sinhalese term “turmali,” which was the name given to all colored crystals on the island of Sri Lanka at that time. This all inclusive name indicates the inability of ancient gem dealers to differentiate tourmaline from other stones. In fact, at one time in history, pink and red tourmaline were thought to be rubies. Pink tourmaline tends to be pinker in color than ruby. However, their similarities in appearance are so strong that the stones in the Russian crown jewels believed to be rubies for centuries, are now thought to be tourmalines.

Gambian Birthstone Emerald Fashion 2015 Wedding Party Jewellery 1033

 Gambian Birthstone Emerald Fashion 2015 Wedding Party Jewellery.  

By Aamir Mannan.

Emerald in different cultures, and emerald lore[edit]

The Gachala Emerald is one of the largest gem emeralds in the world, at 858 carats (171.6 g). This stone was found in 1967 at La Vega de San Juan mine in Gachalá, Colombia. It is housed at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

Emerald is regarded as the traditional birthstone for May, as well as the traditional gemstone for the astrological signs of Taurus, Gemini and sometimes Cancer.

One of the quainter anecdotes on emeralds was by the 16th-century historian Brantôme, who referred to the many impressive emeralds the Spanish under Cortez had brought back to Europe from Latin America. On one of Cortez's most notable emeralds he had the text engraved Inter Natos Mulierum non sur-rexit mayor ("Among those born of woman there hath not arisen a greater," Matthew 11:11) which referred to John the Baptist. Brantôme considered engraving such a beautiful and simple product of nature sacrilegious and considered this act the cause for Cortez's loss of an extremely precious pearl (to which he dedicated a work, A beautiful and incomparable pearl), and even for the death of King Charles IX of France, who died soon after.[29]

India's most famous temple, the Madurai Minakshiamman temple, has its chief deity as goddess Minakshi whose idol is made of emerald, most likely carved out of a single emerald stone.

Ecuador Lapis Lazuli Birthstone Gold Diamond Girl Fashion Jewellery 13

Ecuador Lapis Lazuli Birthstone Gold Diamond Girl Fashion Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan

Data Value

Name Lapis Lazuli

Is a Variety of Lazurite

Crystallography Isometric;  Crystals very rare, dodecahedral, up to about 2 inches in size. Also massive, compact, disseminated, in veins.

Refractive Index 1.50 - 1.55

Luster Dull.

Hardness (?) 5-6 (depending on impurity content).

Density Pure: 2.38-2.45. gem lapis: 2.7-2.9 or higher if much pyrite present.

Cleavage Imperfect; none in massive material. Fracture uneven.

Stone Sizes Rough blocks from Afghanistan, of fine color, are known up to 100 kg. One block of Chilean material, found in a Peruvian grave, was 24 x 12 x 8 inches. A 40.5 cm tall vase of fine blue material is in the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy.

Heat Sensitivity No

Luminescence Orange spots or streaks in LW (Afghanistan and Chile), dimmer and more pink in SW. X-rays cause yellowish glow in streaks. May fluoresce whitish in SW,

Wearability (?) * Good
Enhancements Dying, common
Special Care Instructions Avoid contact with chemicals
Formula (Na,Ca)8(Al,Si)12O24(S,SO4)
STREAK: Light blue.

Virgin Islands (British) Sapphire Diamond Fashion Gold Jewellery 10026

Virgin Islands (British) Sapphire Diamond Fashion Gold Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan.

Commonly, sapphires are worn in jewelry. Sapphires may be found naturally, by searching through certain sediments (due to their resistance to being eroded compared to softer stones) or rock formations. They also may be manufactured for industrial or decorative purposes in large crystal boules. Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires—9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, right behind diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.25)—and of aluminium oxide in general, sapphires are used in some non-ornamental applications, including infrared optical components, such as in scientific instruments; high-durability windows; wristwatch crystals and movement bearings; and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of very special-purpose solid-state electronics (especially integrated circuits and GaN-based LEDs)

Taiwan Amethyst Birthstone Gold Fashion 2015 Women Jewellery 28

Taiwan Amethyst Birthstone Gold Fashion 2015 Women Jewellery.  

By Aamir Mannan.

Posted on November 7, 2013 by admin

A dash of color is always welcome and if it comes in form of a vibrant and grand looking stone then even better. There can be no better way [...] Continue Reading…

POSTED IN AMETHYST JEWELRY TAGGED AMETHYST SOLITAIRE STUDS, ROUND AMETHYST SOLITAIRE STUDS, ROUND SOLITAIRE STUDS, SOLITAIRE STUDS

AMETHYST EARRINGS

Libyan Girl Fashion 2015 Gold And Silver Jewellery 1017

Libyan Girl Fashion 2015 Gold And Silver Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan.

Why does almost everyone on earth wear some jewelry? Many people build large private collections of jewelry, from the Royal Jewels to personal wedding rings. The deeper meanings of jewelry and beads can reveal much about the people who adorn themselves for private and public occasions. Jewelry can be status symbols, symbols of cultural pride, or objects associated with religious worship. Today, many people wear jewelry as a fashion statement called "Bling." The most valuable jewelry and beads may be decorated with rare gemstones or gain value as a symbol of victory, such as a Super Bowl Ring. The value of jewelry can be greatly enhance if once worn by famous person, such as a movie star like Elizabeth Taylor, historic figure such as King Tut, or a member of a Royal Family like Princess Diana. The artist or designer of jewelry also can be significant, such as Pablo Picasso, Tiffany, Faberge, or Coco Chanel. Jewelry often is valued for the quality of the materials: 18kt gold, .925 sterling silver, or DeBeers diamonds.

Yaqoot Ruby Birthstone Albania Fashion 2015 Wedding Party Jewellery 4028

Yaqoot Ruby Birthstone Albania Fashion 2015 Wedding Party Jewellery.

 By Aamir Manan.

The name ruby comes from the Latin word ruber, which means red. It is favorite gem among those in power and those in love, inspiring more emotion than almost any other stone. Some ancient cultures believed that rubies, as well as other gemstones, grew on trees, just like fruit. The rubies would begin budding as small white gems, and would slowly grow and ripen, turning red in the light of the sun. When the ruby was saturated with red color, it was ready to be plucked.

Ruby is deemed to be the most precious of gemstones by the Bible and the ancient Sanskrit writings. Indeed, upon discovery of each Ruby crystal, the Indian Emperor would give a special royal welcome to this King of Gemstones.

Jade Malaysian Fashion 2015 And Birthstone Wedding Jewellery 3027

Jade Malaysian Fashion 2015 And Birthstone Wedding Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan.

The Importance of Jade Stone in Chinese Culture

Jade, known as 'yu' in China, is a gemstone that is used as both an ornament and as jewelry. There are two types of jade stone that exist. These are composed of different silicate minerals. The first type of jade stone is nephrite. The more iron that the nephrite contains, the greener in color it appears. The second type of jade stone is jadeite. It is similar in hardness to quartz. Nephrite, on the other hand, has a softer quality to it.

Aquamarine Birthstone Fashion 2015 Latvian Wedding Jewellery 2023

 Aquamarine Birthstone Fashion 2015 Latvian Wedding Jewellery.  

 By Aamir Mamnnan.

aquamarine stones Aquamarine is at home in the most casual setting as well as the most elegant. Small aquas may be set alone in dainty settings, with or without diamond accent. Larger aquamarines nestle comfortably in the company of diamonds of many sizes. Aquamarine is one of the few gemstones that looks beautiful with both white and yellow gold or platinum: Yellow gold adds a warm touch to the piece of jewelry; white gold or platinum accentuates the coolness of the gem's color.

Topaz Girl Fashion 2015 Gold Bridal Jewellery In Macedonia 226

Topaz Girl Fashion 2015 Gold Bridal Jewellery In Macedonia,  

By Aamir Mannan..

In 1740, the Braganza diamond was discovered in Brazil. It was 1,680 carats. Since it was believed to be the largest diamond that was ever found, the Braganza diamond was set in the Portuguese crown. It was later found that the Braganza was not a diamond, but was a colorless Topaz instead. The Portuguese Crown can currently be found in Dresden, Germany.

Haitian Birthstone Opal Diamond Fashion 2015 Gold Wedding Jewellery 100031

Haiti Birthstone Opal Diamond Fashion 2015 Gold Wedding Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan. 

Combined with modern techniques of polishing, doublet opal produces similar effect of black or boulder opals at a mere fraction of the price. Doublet opal also has the added benefit of having genuine opal as the top visible and touchable layer, unlike triplet opals.

Common opal.

A piece of milky raw opal from Andamooka South Australia

A cabochon cut from a piece of opalized wood

An opal "triplet" from Andamooka South Australia showing blue and green fire

A rock showing striations of opal throughout

Faroe Islands Birthstone Emerald Fashion 2015 Wedding Party Jewellery 1032

Faroe Islands Birthstone Emerald Fashion 2015 Wedding Party Jewellery.  

By Aamir Mannan.

Emerald in different cultures, and emerald lore[edit]

The Gachala Emerald is one of the largest gem emeralds in the world, at 858 carats (171.6 g). This stone was found in 1967 at La Vega de San Juan mine in Gachalá, Colombia. It is housed at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

Emerald is regarded as the traditional birthstone for May, as well as the traditional gemstone for the astrological signs of Taurus, Gemini and sometimes Cancer.

Turquoise Birthstone Fashion Stylish Jewellery In Hungary 33

Turquoise Birthstone Fashion Stylish Jewellery In Hungary.

  By Aamir Mannan

Material treated with plastic or water glass is termed "bonded" or "stabilized" turquoise. This process consists of pressure impregnation of otherwise unsaleable chalky American material by epoxy and plastics (such as polystyrene) and water glass (sodium silicate) to produce a wetting effect and improve durability. Plastic and water glass treatments are far more permanent and stable than waxing and oiling, and can be applied to material too chemically or physically unstable for oil or wax to provide sufficient improvement. Conversely, stabilization and bonding are rejected by some as too radical an alteration.

The epoxy binding technique was first developed in the 1950s and has been attributed to Colbaugh Processing of Arizona, a company that still operates today. The majority of American material is now treated in this manner although it is a costly process requiring many months to complete.

Vietnam Sapphire Diamond Fashion Gold Jewellery 10025

 Vietnam Sapphire Diamond Fashion Gold Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan.

relative permittivity at 20 °C

ε = 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic) 

Sapphire (Greek: σάπφειρος; sappheiros, 'blue stone',[2] which probably referred instead at the time to lapis lazuli) is a gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3). Trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium can give corundum respectively blue, yellow, purple, orange, or green color. Chromium impurities in corundum yield pink or red tint, the latter being called ruby.

Liberian Girl Fashion 2014 Gold And Silver Jewellery 1016

Liberian Girl Fashion 2014 Gold And Silver Jewellery.

 By Aamir Mannan.

World history of jewelry and beads is a topic of importance to people around the world. While studies of world art history often focus on large objects, we believe much can be learned from the study of small items, such as jewelry and beads. Our study includes the mapping of major trade routes of raw materials to places of manufacture to the distribution often over broad geographic areas. The symbolism and designs of jewelry and beads will be a special focus of scholarly research. We seek to better understand the significance and meanings of jewelry and beads in context with historical and cultural developments.