Montenegro Weddings Bridal Beautiful Jewellery Collection 1

Montenegro Bridal Jewelley.

By Aamir Mannan.

Background:

Unlike other countries of the Balkan Peninsula, Montenegro was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocratic state ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality and later it became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. border countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia

Official Name:

Republika Crna Gora short form: Crna Gora int'l long form: Republic of Montenegro int'l short form: Montenegro.  ISO Country Code: ME

Time:

Local Time = UTC +1h (in summer +2h) Actual Time: Thu-Aug-29  08:15 Country Calling Code: +382

Capital City: Podgorica, (pop.: 152 000)  Cetinje - Prijestonica (pop.: 20 000; former capital/seat of king/government) Other Cities: Bar, Berane, Kotor, Niksic (second largest city), Pljevlja.

Government:

Type: Republic. Constitution: Adopted 12 October 1992. Independence: 3 June 2006 (Declared by parliament after referendum in favor of independence from state union of Serbia and Montenegro).

Geography:  Location: Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia. Area: 13,800 km² (5,332 sq. mi.) Terrain: Varied; from the southwestern Adriatic coast with narrow coastal plains to mountainous regions with thick forests. Highest peak: Bobotov kuk (Mt. Durmitor) 2 522 m

Mongolian Wedding Super Jewellery Collection 1

Mongolia Beautiful Jewellery.

Background:

 By Aamir Mannan.

Long a province of China, Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power. In 1996, the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) defeated the MPRP in a national election. Over the next four years the Coalition implemented a number of key reforms to modernize the economy and institutionalize democratic reforms. However, the former communists were a strong opposition that stalled additional reforms and made implementation difficult. In 2000, the MPRP won 72 of the 76 seats in Parliament and completely reshuffled the government. While it continues many of the reform policies, the MPRP is focusing on social welfare and public order priorities.

(Source: CIA - The World Factbook)  border countries: China, Russia 

Official Name: Mongol Uls int'l form: Mongolia former: Outer Mongolia. ISO Country Code: mn

Time: Local Time = UTC +8h  Actual Time: Thu-Aug-29  15:17 DST March - September (UTC +9h).

Country Calling Code: +976 Capital City: Ulaanbaatar, (Ulan Bator) founded in 1639 (pop. 1 million)

Other Cities: Darkhan (95 000 inhabitants) and Erdenet (74 000 inhabitants)

Government:

Type: Parliamentary Republic. Independence: gained in 1921; in 1990, democratic reform begun and shift from dependence on the former Soviet Union declared. Constitutions: 1960 and 12 February 1992.

Geography:

Location: Northern Asia, between China and Russia. Area: 1,564,100 km² (603,863 sq. mi.); Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert, of varying usefulness; 1% arable; 9% forested. Climate: Sharp continental, marked by four seasons. Average summer temperature +17'C, average winter temperature -26'C.

People:

Nationality: Mongolian(s). Population: 2.78 million (2010) Ethnic groups: 85% Mongol

(predominantly Khalkha), 7% Turkic (largest group, Kazakh) 4.6% Tungusic, and 3.4% others, including Chinese and Russian. Languages: Mongolian, Kazakh, Russian, and English. Religions: Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 94%, Muslim 6% (primarily in the southwest), and Shamanism. Literacy: 90%. Natural resources: Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron. Agriculture products: Wheat, barley, vegetables, forage

Mozambique Bridal Beautiful Wedding Jewellery Collection 1

 Mozambique Jewellery.

By Aamir Mannan.

Background:

Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling party formally abandoned Marxi m in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement with rebel forces ended the fighting in 1992.

(Source: CIA - The World Factbook). border countries: Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe related countries: Portugal .  Official Name: República de Moçambique

short form: Moçambique int'l long form: Republic of Mozambique int'l short form: Mozambique. ISO Country Code: mz

Time:

Local Time = UTC +2h  Actual Time: Thu-Aug-29  08:23 Country Calling Code: +258  Capital City: Maputo (pop. 1.2 million) Other Cities: Beira, Matola, Nampula, Quelimane, Tete, Nacala.

Government:

Type: Multi-party democracy. Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal). Constitution: 30 November 1990.  indigenous African and other beliefs 45%. Languages: Portuguese (official), various indigenous languages. Literacy: 50%  Natural resources: Coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite.

Agriculture products: Cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry. Industries: Food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco. Exports partners: Belgium 25.5%, South Africa 12.2%, Spain 11.6%, Italy 11.6%, Germany 7.7% (2005).Imports partners: South Africa 36.3%, Australia 12.8%, India 5.1% (2005). Currency: Metical (MZM) Source: Mozambique Investment Promotion Center and others. 

Geography:

Location: South-eastern coast of Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean in west.

Area: 801,590 km² (309,495 sq. mi.) Terrain: Varies from coastal lowlands to high plateau in northwest, mountains in west. Climate: Varies from sub-tropical to tropical (south to north).

Myanmar Weddings Bridal Jewellery Collection 1

Myanmar Jewellery.

By Aamir Mannan.

Background:

Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia, formerly known as Burma. Previously an independent kingdom, Burma was annexed by the British Empire into the colony of India in 1886. The occupation brought social, economic, cultural and administrative changes to the once-feudal society. The Japanese Empire invaded and occupied the country during World War II but it was returned to British control until independence in 1948.

The name of the country was changed in 1989 by the ruling military government, officially recognized by the United Nations. Some national governments, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and much of the Burmese population do not recognize this name change, since they do not recognize the military government.

Despite multiparty elections in 1990 that resulted in the main opposition party winning a decisive victory, the military junta refused to hand over power.

Key opposition leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient AUNG San Suu Kyi, has been set under house arrest from 1989 to 1995, and was again placed under house detention in September 2000; her supporters are routinely harassed or jailed. In 2011 the military junta was dissolved following a general election in 2010 and a civilian government has been installed.

Border countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Thailand Official Name: Pyidaungzu Myanmar.

Naingngandaw short form: Myanmar int'l long form: Union of Myanmar int'l short form: Myanmar formerly: Burma. ISO Country Code: mm. Country Calling Code: +95. Capital City since 6 November 2005: Naypyidaw (Nay Pyi Taw) Other Cities: Yangôn (Rangoon, pop. 5 million), Mandalay (pop. 700 000)

Government:

Type: nominally civilian government (since 29th March 2011, when Burma's military handed over power). The new political system came into effect after an election in November 2010.

Constitution: 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988 when latest junta took power). Burma has been under military authority since 1962.

Geography:

Pakistani Bridal Wedding Jewellery Collection 21

Bridal Jewellery.  

By Aamir Mannan.

Gemstones.

There is another useful form of spring tongs in which three wire prongs projects and retract in a pencil-like tubular holder. round, brilliant-cut stones of no great size are very securely held in 

tongs of this type, but the position in which the stone can be held is limited to that in which the table facet is at right-angles to the length of the holder, and large or rectangular stones cannot be accommodated.

Quite apart from their function in picking up stones for inspection, tongs are really essential for sorting or counting stones on a desk, and also counting or handling pearls. the labour of counting large quantities of pearls or small stones can be shortened by shepherding them from the spread-out mass in groups of three with 

 the tips of the tongs held tightly closed. the tip of a silver propelling pencil can, for this purpose, function efficiently in much the same way.

Pakistani Indian Bridal Fashion Jewellery Collection 14

 Bridal Fashion Jewellery.

By Aamir Mannan.

THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF GEMSTONES AND HOW TO MEASURE IT

Every jeweller knows by experience that some gemstones 'weight heavier' than others; that, for instance, a white zercone weight more than a diamond of equal size and a sapphire more than an emerald.

Scientists long ago provided a precise definition for this quality of  'heaviness', which provides a valuable means of distinguishing one substance from another when worked out on a numerical basis.

This was done by taking water as a standard and comparing the weight of each substance with the weight of an equal volume of pure water. the figure thus arrived at is called the 'specific gravity' or 'relative destiny' of the substance of in question.

The specific gravity of a body, than, is simply the ratio of its weight to that of an equal volume of pure water. for accurate work, water 4 C is specified as the standard.

Thus, when we say the specific gravity of aluminium is 2.7 and that of ruby 4.0, we means that, bulk for bulk, aluminium weighs 2.7 times, and ruby 4 times, as much as water.

Materials used in jewellery show a very wide range in specific gravity, from amber, I.08, to platinum, 2I.5.

Pakistani Bridal Wedding Jewellery Collection

Pakistani Fashion Jewellery.          

  Collecting, Handling, And Housing Gemstones

By Aamir Mannan.

The 'Pick-up' position for a stone is when it is resting flat on its table facet. if the tongs, also resting flat on the table, are slid into position until their tips flank the stone and project a little beyond it, and the specimen is then lightly gripped, it should be in a correct position to be handled and inspected with safety. the late sir james walton, in whose safe surgeon's hands tongs were instrument of precision, found it useful to mark with a file a longitudinal groove on the inner faces of the tongs, into which the girdle of the stone to be handled fitted snugly, spacial spring tongs with strongly grooved lips are, in fact, much used in the U.S.A and in switzerland for holding stones securely while under observation, particularly under the

Sapphire Beautiful Necklace Jewellery Collection

      Sapphire Beautiful Necklace        

  THE IDENTIFICATIONS OF SAPPHIRE

By Aamir Mannan.

As in the case of ruby, the most effective substitute for natural sapphire is it synthetic counterpart, and the method for detecting the difference between the natural and the manufactured stone will be found bellow, although the whole subject of synthetics has already been dealt with in chapter 7.

The cobalt-blue forms of synthetic spinal must also be considered as a sapphire substitute, since this is their raison D'etre.

Glass imitations of sapphire are not often seen, since the synthetics stones are clearly more effective as a substitute.

Madagascar Bridal Wedding Jewellery Collection 1

Madagascar Wedding Jewellery.
By Aaamir Mannan.

Background:

Madagascar, the Red Island, the Rainbow Island, the Eighth Continent, there are many names for the world's 4th largest island. Madagascar is situated in the south western area of the Indian Ocean east of the coast of Africa about 400 km off the coast of Mozambique. The island is recognized as one of the world's top ten hotspots for biodiversity.

Madagascar is inhabited by various ethnic groups of Malayo-Indonesian, mixed African and Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry. Five centuries before the Europeans discovered the island Malayo-Indonesian seafarers arrived in roughly the first century A.D., the Arabs followed in the 6th century to establish trading posts.

Since the 16th century French and British influence left its mark.

In October 1958 the Malagasy Republic was proclaimed as an autonomous state within the French Community and gained full independence in June 1960. 

Like many former colonial countries Madagascar went through various political states like uprisings, provisional governments, single-party rule, socialist economic policies, and threat of secession.

Today the country is on a slow and steady economical and political growth path from an extremely low level. 

Madagascar is geographically relative close to: Comoros, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, South Africa

related countries: France, United Kingdom 

Official Name: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara. Republique de Madagascar short form: Madagascar int'l long form: Republic of Madagascar former: Malagasy Republic . ISO Country Code: mg 

Time:

Local Time = East African Time (UTC +3h)

Actual Time: Mon-Aug-26  09:49 

Country Calling Code: +261

Capital City: Antananarivo (Tananarive)

Other Cities: 

Antsirabé (about 500 000), Mahajanga (about 400 000), Toamasina (about 450 000) 

Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need 5

 Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need 

By Aamir Mannan.

Should the unforeseeable occur and you suffer a loss, Warren Jewelers works closely with your insurance company to help you with replacement or compensation of your valuable jewelry or family heirloom. 

Things you need to know about Jewelry Insurance:

Insurance Regulations

State laws differ but are regulated by the Insurance Commissioner and insurance departments of the individual states. Some states tightly regulate insurance company contract language and other states allow insurance companies to write contracts with their own language. You should discuss your insurance needs with your insurance agent. If you do suffer a loss you do have the right to choose the jeweler who you trust to replace the item. Your insurance company may make suggestions but it is up to you to tell your insurance companying whom you would like to use to replace the item.

Insurance Coverage

Most jewelry is covered under your homeowners or renters insurance policy. You can also buy private jewelry insurance.

Basic Insurance

Unscheduled personal property includes jewelry which would be covered by your homeowners or renters insurance. However, in most policies not all losses are covered. In addition there are low dollar limits on unscheduled personal property. In a case of a large theft you may only be covered for a total loss as low as $500.00 compensation. For any item of jewelry with a value over $1000.00 you should schedule your jewelry to cover specific items. This is done with a Personal Articles Floater, which is attached to a homeowner or renters policy. You can also purchase a stand-alone or private jewelry insurance policy. The coverage on these types of insurance can be very broad covering all types of losses with very few exclusions.

Diamond Super Girls Bracelet Jewellery Collection 45

Diamond Super Girls Bracelet

THE IDENTIFICATION OF DIAMOND

By Aamir Mannan.

Since this is not an academic treatise but a practical guide for a jeweller-gemmologist, the order in which the individual stone are dealt with is roughly based on their commercial importance.

Diamond Quite clearly precedence to over any other, followed by ruby, sapphire and emerald, these four being the classical 'precious stone' in the days when all others (except pearl) were relegated to the ' semiprecious' ranks.

Thereafter the order of the chapters becomes less predictable, but if the reader fails to find the stone in which he is interested quickly he has only to consult the index.
Diamond accounts for over 90 per cent by value of the world's trade in gems, and is one of the few stones that every jewellers handles and hopes to be able to recognise at sight when tolerable certainty.
There have been many cases, however, when even experienced dealers have made costly (and humiliating) mistakes-very often because their suspicion have not been aroused.

Macau Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need

 Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need.
By Aamir Mannan.

Diamonds should be forever but when it comes to protecting the contents of your home, your jewellery is often the most vulnerable of your belongings to the risks of theft, accidental damage or loss. So it only makes sense that jewellery cover comes as standard when you insure your home contents through Hiscox.

Our contents insurance policy includes cover for valuable items such as jewellery and watches, along with engagement rings and diamonds under the valuables section. There is no need to specify individual items, pairs or sets if they are valued under £15,000. Your precious items will be covered for theft or accidental loss or damage whether it happens at home or outside of the home (well, you won’t want to hide your jewellery away).

There is no need to take out separate jewellery insurance when our home contents policy does it all. And we’ll automatically cover new items you have bought or that unexpected gift for up to sixty days without affecting your premium.

 Why you might need insurance for your jewellery

Your jewellery collection is probably worth more than you think

Macedonian Super Ruby earrings Jewellery Collection 3

Macedonian Super Ruby earrings. 

By Aamir Mannan.

The Republic of Macedonia, (Macedonian: Република Македонија, Republika Makedonija) (accepted in the UN under the provisional reference the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) [1], is a landlocked country in the 

Balkans. It is bordered by Serbia and the disputed region of Kosovo to the north, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, and Greece to the south. The constitutional name of the country is the Republic of Macedonia and it is usually called simply Macedonia, despite the disambiguation concerns of the neighboring Greeks in the Greek province Macedonia and the official provisional name the country has under UN.

While easily accessible from all points abroad, and boasting all the amenities of the Western world, the Republic of

Macedonia Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need

Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need

Macedonia

By Aamir Mannan.

NAYA JEEVAN® is a not-for-profit social enterprise that is dedicated to rejuvenating the lives of low-income families throughout the emerging world by providing them with affordable access to quality, catastrophic healthcare.

  Naya Jeevan offers its insurance program in Pakistan at subsidized rates under a novel national group health insurance model (underwritten by Allianz-EFU, IGI, Saudi Pak and Insurance,. At Naya Jeevan we work in collaboration with corporate, academic, and non-profit institutions so that we can catalyze a new wave of social responsibility that can be leveraged to realize a positive sustainable outcome for all stakeholders. We believe that philanthropy should not be a transient, ad-hoc event but be institutionalized as a fully integrated part of our society.

  Naya Jeevan partners with your Organization to effect Social Change

  Naya Jeevan is presently offering Naya Jeevan for Employees for corporations, Naya Jeevan for Kids for educational institutions and will soon be offering Naya Jeevan for Families for low-income families not directly affiliated with an organization. In addition Naya Jeevan also provides its group plan members with access to a host of critical Value Added Services including 24-hour Member Care, Health Rescue Fund, Naya Jeevan Sehat (health and wellness workshops) and Naya Jeevan Hunar (skill development and vocational training). We hope you will join us in this journey by investing in our future and through us the future of millions of others.

  Artpreneurs For Change

Hong Kong Beautiful Diamond Sapphire Earring 2

Hong Kong Beautiful Diamond Earring
By Aamir Mannan.

Province, Hong Kong China, a major trading center, 1841, Mr. China, the province British ptty But given that this former British Dependent Territory Victoria is called (usually Hong Kong in an island as known), Kowloon Peninsula, "the old name, and the New Territories", and includes 235 outlying islands Guangdong China (formerly Canton) is located on the south.

On 19 December 1984 an agreement signed by China and the UK, Hong Kong's handover to China on 1 July 1997, and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) has become.

Under the agreement China "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong in all matters except foreign and defense affairs, sovereignty, a highparticular use is much like the girls here are ring and Bracelet,

Macedonia Wedding Bridal Jewellery Collection 1

Macedonia Bridal Jewellery. 

By Aamir Mannan.

 Background:

The Republic of Macedonia ago, it declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, a part of the Balkan Peninsula (Southeastern Europe) is located in the central part. Country wide, flat valleys and plains great and high mountain massifs giving way to the property.

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) independence from Yugoslavia, the international recognition of what is considered a Hellenic name and symbols using the new state was delayed by Greece's objection.

1995 Greece finally lifted its trade blockade, and both countries continued to use FYROM despite differences, agreed to normalize relations "Macedonia." FYROM's large Albanian minority and the independence of neighboring Kosovo continue to be sources of ethnic tension.

Border Country: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia

Government:

Type: Parliamentary democracy.

Constitution: adopted 17 November 1991;

Last modified 6 January 1992.

Independence: 8 August 1991 (from Yugoslavia).

Geography:

Location: Greece Balkan Peninsula, north of the southern region is a landlocked country.

Area: 25,713 square kilometers (9,927 square miles).

Geography: Actually, Macedonia is landlocked and mountainous.

Terain: the country is mountainous, Vardar river side bisected.

Climate: Seasonal overlaping area three types - Mediterranean; moderate continent, and hilly, hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters.

Macau Bridal Wedding Diamond Jewellery Collection 1

Macau Bridal Diamond Jewellery.
By Aamir Mannan.

Background:

Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. 

(Source: CIA - The World Factbook)

regional border: China 

related countries: Portugal overnment: 

Type: Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China since 20 December 1999. Macau has its own mini-constitution (the Basic Law).

Geography:

Location: Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China.

Area: 28.2 km² total, with 8.9 km² on a peninsula connected to China and the southern islands of Taipa (6.5 km²), Coloane (7.6 km²), and Co Tai (5.2 km², land reclaimed from the sea between Taipa and Coloane) linked by bridges and causeway. 

Terrain: Flat on the Coastline, hilly and rocky on the inland.

Climate: Subtropical; hot and rainy from spring through summer, cool and humid in winter.

People:

Nationality: Macanese (sing. and pl.).

Luxembourg Wedding Royal Jewellery Collection 1

Luxembourg  Royal Jewellery.
By Aamir Mannan.

Background:

Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union) and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area. 

Founded in 963, Luxembourg became 

Lithuania Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need

Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need 

By Aamir Mannan.

BTA Subsidiary in Lithuania Ranked Second Largest Insurance Company 

This year BTA has also been growing rapidly in Lithuania, where its subsidiary, BTA Draudimas already ranks second with 12.3% of the Lithuanian non-life insurance market and gross premiums worth LVL 21 285 246. This is thanks to the company’s active business development and expansion in the neighbouring country, continuing development of the company’s services, restructuring of the administrative resources as well as the sales procedures and customer service. 

In terms of gross premiums, the Lithuanian insurance market in the first 9 months of this year contracted 28% altogether year-on-year, whereas BTA Draudimas recorded just a 7% decrease. Within the period the company posted 4.8 million litas or approximately 1 million lats in profit. 

BTA Draudimas is a leader in the Lithuanian market in terms of Third Party Liability Insurance with a market share of 21.4%, and Financial Risks Insurance with a market share of

Liechtenstein Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need

 Insurance of Jewelry Basic Need 

By Aamir Mannan.

The policyholder must:

– Implement all measures suitable to the circumstances to protect the insured goods against 

the insured risks (GIP C 4);

– Inform AXA without delay of the occurrence of an insured event and do everything possible 

to minimize the loss/damage (GIP B 1);

– Inform the police without delay of theft (GIP B 1);

– Inform AXA without delay if missing objects are recovered (GIP B 6);

– Notify AXA immediately of any change in address (GIP A 2.3), relocation abroad (GIP C 1.3) 

and any change affecting the circumstances taken into account in assessing the risk.

Insurance coverage begins on the date specified in the policy or any other confirmation of 

insurance coverage. The contract is concluded for the term specified in the policy. At the end 

of the contract term the contract is automatically renewed by 1 year at a time, unless one 

of the contracting parties terminates the contract by giving 3 months’ written notice. If the 

contract has been entered into for a period of less than 1 year, it lapses on the stated date 

(GIP C 1).

The following data is disclosed to AXA during the course of contract negotiations and during 

the life of the contract: 

– Client data (name, address, date of birth, sex, nationality, bank account details, etc.) stored 

in electronic client files; 

– Application data (information on the insured risk, responses to questions in the application, 

expert reports, information from the previous insurer on the prior claims history, etc.) stored 

in the policy files; 

– Contract data (contract term, insured risks and benefits, etc.) stored in contract management systems such as physical policy files and electronic risk databases; 

– Payment data (date premiums received, outstanding premiums, reminders, credit balances, 

etc.) stored in collection databases; 

– Any claims data (claims reports, adjustment reports, invoice documents, etc.) stored in 

physical claims files and electronic claim processing systems.

This data is needed to verify and assess the risk, to administer the contract, to require payment of the premiums by the due date, and to settle claims correctly. The data must be stored